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ENIAC Essay Assessment

$30-250 USD

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Opublikowano prawie 14 lat temu

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Write an essay that provides a descriptive understanding of one of the following ideas or machines from the history of computing: ENIAC and that also describes the effect of this work on the modern world. A detailed description of the idea or machine you have chosen is required, giving the reader a good idea of the underlying principles that make the machine work or that explain the idea. You should provide further information about the historical setting and the individual or team that developed the machine or idea. You also need to identify and explain any impacts that your chosen idea or machine has had on the modern world and the development of technology. Although it may be difficult to see a direct impact, there will be indirect effects where a machine or idea has influenced the development of another machine or idea that has more obviously influenced the present age. As an example, you may examine the influence of the von Neumann machine on the design of modern computer architecture. You may concentrate on a single issue or impact in detail, or discuss several issues in less detail. However, the issues you discuss should relate to the general domain of modern information technology. The essay should be written in the style of a descriptive explanation. You should briefly introduce the historical setting and provide details of the people involved (e.g. their previous work, any abiding ambitions, etc.) but the main body of the essay should explain your topic in sufficient depth that your reader will gain a good understanding of the ideas involved. If you are writing about Babbage's Difference Engines, then you will need to explain the method of differences and how this can be implemented mechanically. If you are writing about the Turing Machine, then you will need to explain how such a machine can execute a simple program. If in doubt, seek advice from your tutor. To give coherence to your work, the essay should be divided up into distinct sections, starting with an introduction and ending with a conclusion or summary, with each middle section having an identifiable theme and title. The assignment is particularly concerned with the quality of your writing style and with your ability to effectively research a topic. Therefore, you should be applying the tutorial material on writing style, and consulting and referencing several authoritative sources, including the original work that describes your chosen topic. The main aim of the assessment is for all students to achieve an adequate level of writing skills and to demonstrate correct use of the APA referencing style. Guidelines for the Foundations of Computing and Communication Essay Introduction The first sentence of an introduction needs to capture the reader’s interest and make a general assertion about the topic. For instance, you could say “The analytical engine was one of the most important and influential inventions of the nineteenth century.” You then need to briefly justify your assertion, and give the reader a flavour of the topic. The main purpose of the introduction is to capture the reader’s interest and give a general background to the rest of the essay. One approach could be to describe the historical background of the machine or idea you have chosen. For Babbage’s analytical engine, this could be a description of the industrial revolution in England, looking at the state of technology and science, etc. Then, the introduction needs to summarise the rest of the document. The idea is for the reader to get an overall idea of the content of the full essay, so that he or she can decide whether it is worth reading further. Therefore, the introduction should end with a guide to the rest of the document. For example, you could say: “In the next section we introduce how a Turing machine works, highlighting the simplicity and originality of Turing’s thinking. Then we examine how Turing used the Turing machine idea to …” Writing the Middle Sections The middle sections, or body of the document, are where you present the details of your work. Each section requires a well-defined topic, with each paragraph addressing a single aspect of that topic. It should be easy for a reader to identify the topic you are discussing at any point in the essay. Paragraphs and sections need to be linked by some kind of logical association. This may be chronological, i.e. starting with the original ideas that preceded the development of the machine or idea and then describing how the machine or idea evolved year by year, or you may prefer to divide a topic up by the different areas needed for an overall understanding, such as the mathematical theory behind a machine, the principles by which it operates, and the details of the physical mechanism. Whichever categorisation you select, it is important to make things obvious to the reader. Section topics are given by the section title, but the first sentence should also make the topic clear. Sub-paragraphs, within a section, can be given optional subheadings, but the topic of the paragraph should emerge clearly with or without a heading. A good way to think of sections and paragraphs is that they are like mini-essays in their own right. Each section needs an introductory and concluding paragraph, to introduce and describe the section’s topic and then to summarise what the section has said. Just like the middle sections of the essay, the middle paragraphs of a section provide the actual details, with all the details relating to the topic of the paragraph. Similarly, a paragraph requires an introductory and concluding sentence. A good concluding sentence not only sums up the main point of a paragraph, but can also provide a link to the next paragraph (this may sometimes require two sentences, depending on your writing style and the general flow of the essay). The main quality that should emerge from your work is that of an organic unity. Everything in the essay should link together and flow. This requires planning the document in advance, so that you understand the logical structure behind what you are saying. Then each sentence should be logically linked to its successor, both in terms of content and with the judicial use of connectives (i.e., hence, therefore, in addition, consequently, as a result of this, etc). Sentences link to form paragraphs, which logically link to form sections, which create the finished document. Formatting The basic layout of your essay should follow this document as closely as possible. The standard font for an assignment is 12pt Times New Roman, with paragraphs fully justified and hyphenation turned on (if you are using Microsoft Word, then Tools- >Language->Hyphenation allows you to turn on hyphenation). Section headings are 14pt bold font, titles are 16pt bold and paragraphs have their first line indented (except the first paragraph of each section). All essays must also have an explicit Introduction section, a Conclusion or Summary section, and a References section. Please note, a print-out of the assignment must be handed in along with an electronic submission on learning@griffith and it is your responsibility to be able to produce another copy on demand (in case your assignment goes missing). Referencing Your essay must be based on a range of source documentation, and all sources must be properly referenced. For the purposes of this course, we shall use the American Psychological Association (APA) referencing standard. All referencing standards are precise, and the APA standard is no exception. While there is an APA publication manual, which would be cited as follows: (American Psychological Association, 2001), there are other on-line resources that explain in detail how to reference printed material and electronic resources (Lesley University, 2005). You are strongly advised to use these sources. Please pay special attention in laying out your references and citations, as the correct use of indents, commas, semi-colons, ampersands, etc, must be strictly respected in academic writing. In particular, you must use in text citations to show the sources of your work. As you know from part one of the assignment, when you use information you have found from the literature (i.e. books, articles and web pages) then you must include the source in your list of references. However, this is only the first part of referencing. Every time you rely on information from one of your references in your essay you also have to provide an in text citation. For example, Gottfried Leibniz is famous for inventing the stepped drum mechanism (Thornton, 2007). In the previous sentence, the in text citation links back to the course textbook. If you use an in text citation there must be a corresponding reference in your reference list and the name that starts the reference must also be the name you use in the in text citation. Conversely, every reference in your reference list must be cited in the essay at least once (otherwise it is a bibliography). An in text citation simply contains the name of the author followed by a comma and the date of publication all contained in brackets. You can also include the page number in a citation. This is optional if you have paraphrased a source (i.e. expressed it in your own words), but if you quote something then you must include the page number. For example, one of the basic themes of the course textbook “is that technology is an outer expression of the increasing ability of human intelligence to form and manipulate abstract formal representations of the world” (Thornton, 2007, p. xiii). If you quote more than 40 words then you should indent the whole quotation (for an example see page 33 of the course textbook). In text citations where there are two authors are handled as follows: Heisenberg’s proposal of the uncertainty principle (Wheeler & Zurek, 1983) caused the whole notion of determinism in science to be questioned. Citations with more than two authors just contain the first author’s name followed by et al., as when referencing the paper that redated the famous Ishango bone (Brooks et al., 1995). Conclusion A summary or conclusion (as with an introduction) is a necessary part of an essay, and is used to sum up the body of the material presented. Therefore, it should not introduce any new idea rather it should pull out and simply re-express the most important ideas that have already been explained. An exception to this rule is the final paragraph of a conclusion, which may be used to describe any future work that may arise out of the ideas you have presented. In a piece of persuasive writing, the conclusion is often used to drive the main point of an argument home to the reader. However, in this essay, the purpose is to be descriptive and explanatory. Therefore, the conclusion should present an overview of the machine or idea you have described and emphasise how your topic has influenced the modern world. References American Psychological Association. (2001). Publication manual (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Brooks, A., Helgren, D., Cramer, J., Franklin, A., Hornyak, W., Keating, J., Klein, R., Rink, J., Schwarcz, H., Smith, J., Stewart, K., Todd, N., Verniers, J., & Yellen, J. (1995). Dating and context of three Middle Stone Age sites with bone points in the Upper Semliki Valley, Zaire. Science, 268, 548-553. Lesley University. (2005). APA citation format. Retrieved February 8, 2006, from [login to view URL] Thornton, J. (2007). The foundations of computing and the information technology age: A historical, sociological and philosophical enquiry. Sydney: Pearson Education. Wheeler, J. A., & Zurek, H. (1983). Quantum theory and measurement. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
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I don't know how many words you want to be written on this essay..so I am giving my bid here on 3000 words..feel free to contact me
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Hi, Please check PMB. Regards Ultimatejob
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I am a professor of digital media. As part of my digital graphics course, I did research on ENIAC and its implication to modern computing. I believe I can help you with your essay.
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