39390 ANSI C - Unix - Assignment for second year student

You are required to design, write and test an ANSI C program to help you solve various logistics and

flight planning tasks.

There are various strict requirements that govern whether or not an aircraft is safe to take off.

In particular, it is important to calculate the proposed total load and thus the overall weight of

the aircraft. Not only is it important to know the total weight, it is also important to know the

location of the centre of gravity, i.e. the place at which the total load appears to act.

The contribution of any item to the weight of an aircraft and its effect on the centre of gravity

is normally expressed as a pair of numbers.

1. The first number is the weight itself.

2. The second number is the apparent location of that weight with respect to some specified

datum. This second value is known as the ‘arm’.

These calculations are normally known as the ‘weight and balance’ calculations.

The calculations need to consider:

– The empty, or basic, weight of the aircraft (allowing for basic equipment, oil, unusable fuel

etc) and the location where that weight appears to act.

– The weight of the pilot and passengers and where they are sitting. If there is more than

one row of seats, then you need to know the positions of those rows of seats and the weight

of the people in each row.

– The weight of any parcels and baggage and the location where they are stowed.

– The weight of usable fuel that has been added to the tanks and the location of those tanks.

Any unusable fuel in the bottoms of the tanks will have been included in the empty or

“basic weight” of the aircraft.

The aircraft’s total weight needs to be within acceptable limits. The maximum allowed take-off

weight and the maximum allowed landing weight may be different.

The calculations also need to consider the position of the centre of gravity of the aircraft.

As fuel is used during flight, the plane will get lighter and the centre of gravity will move.

Each manufacturer will produce graphs or tables that show the combination of acceptable weights

and acceptable positions for the centre of gravity. Instead of directly giving you that data, we

instead supply a function, mentioned further in a section below, that checks whether or not a

particular weight and centre of gravity combination is acceptable.

On the facing page, we give, in the form of a diagram, an illustration of calculating the position

of the centre of gravity. In our example we only consider two factors, namely the basic (or empty)

weight of the aircraft and a single passenger. In your program, as well as these two factors, you

need to allow for the pilots, all the other passengers, the baggage and the fuel.

The calculations also need to consider the length of the runways at the proposed departure

airport and the intended arrival airport.

The length of runway that is required will depend on the weight of the aircraft, the altitude of

the airport, the atmospheric pressure, the runway surface, the wind direction and various other

factors.

For the purposes of runway length requirements in this assignment, we have ignored those issues

and thus simplified matters somewhat. We have fixed length requirements for take-off and

landing runways and we ignore aircraft weight, atmospheric conditions, altitude and any other

factors

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